Online Flora of the Maltese Islands by Stephen Mifsud
 
     
   16 Aug 2026      ()
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Index of Plant Families (2 families in this page)

ASTERALES (the Composites and allies)
ASTERACEAE
Daisy or Sunflower
CAMPANULACEAE
Bellflower
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ASTERACEAE
Bercht. & J.Presl

( Daisy or Sunflower Family )
Conservative synonym: Compositae

Subfamalies: Asteroideae, Barnadesioideae, Carduoideae, Cichorioideae, Corymbioideae, Dicomoideae, Famatinanthoideae, Gochnatioideae, Gymnarrhenoideae, Hecastocleidoideae, Mutisioideae, Pertyoideae, Vernonioideae
Family Description: Asteraceae, also known as the daisy or sunflower family, is one of the largest families of flowering plants, comprising over 32,000 species across more than 1,900 genera. It is cosmopolitan in distribution, thriving in habitats ranging from deserts to alpine zones. Members are typically herbaceous, though shrubs, vines, and even trees occur. Leaves are usually alternate, simple or compound, and exstipulate, with variable venation. Stems may be erect or prostrate, often fistular or ridged, and sometimes contain latex. The hallmark of Asteraceae is the capitulum or head inflorescence, which mimics a single flower but is actually a composite of many small florets. These florets may be tubular (disc florets), ligulate (ray florets), or both, and are subtended by an involucre of bracts. Flowers are usually actinomorphic or zygomorphic, bisexual or unisexual, and pentamerous. The calyx is modified into a pappus of hairs or scales. The corolla is gamopetalous, and stamens are typically five, epipetalous, with syngenesious anthers. The ovary is inferior, unilocular, with basal placentation. Fruits are cypselas, often crowned by the persistent pappus, aiding in wind dispersal. Seeds are usually endospermic with a curved embryo.
12
Botanical Name Common Name Maltese Name Flowering Period Thumbnail Picture Profile Type
Achillea collina
(Becker ex Rchb. fil.) Heimerl

Main Synonym :
Achillea millefolium subsp. collina (Becker ex Rchb.) Weiss
Mountain Yarrow Maltese name not known May-Jul Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Achillea maritima
(L.) Ehrend. & Y. P. Guo

Main Synonym :
Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Cottonweed,
Sea Cudweed 		Santolina tar-ramel,
Bajda tar-ramel 		Jun-Aug Normal Profile
with
1
images.
Ambrosia maritima
L.

Main Synonym :
- -
Sea Ragweed Ambrosja Sep-Nov Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Anacyclus clavatus
(Desf.) Pers.

Main Synonym :
Anacyclus tomentosus (Allioni) DC.
White Anacyclus Anaċiklus May-Jul Normal Profile
with
5
images.
Anacyclus radiatus
Loisel.

Main Synonym :
Anthemis valentina L.
Yellow Anacyclus Maltese name not known Apr-Jul Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Andryala integrifolia
L.

Main Synonym :
Andryala corymbosa Lam.
Common Andryala Maltese name not known May-Jul Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Anthemis arvensis subsp. arvensis
L.

Main Synonym :
Chamaemelum arvense (L.) Schreb.
Corn Chamomille Bebuna tar-raba Mar-May Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Anthemis arvensis subsp. incrassata
(Loisel.) Nyman

Main Synonym :
Anthemis incrassata Loisel.
Fleshy Corn Chamomille Bebuna tar-raba imlaħħma Mar-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Anthemis cotula
L.

Main Synonym :
Maruta cotula DC.
Stinking Chamomille Maltese name not known Mar-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Anthemis secundiramea
Biv.

Main Synonym :
Anthemis urvilleana (DC.) Sommier & Caruana - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Maltese Sea Chamomille,
Maltese Chamomille 		Bebuna tal-baħar Mar-May Normal Profile
with
16
images.
Artemisia absinthium
L.

Main Synonym :
Absinthium officinale Brot.
Wormwood,
Absinthe Wormwood,
Grand Wormwood 		Assenzju Jun-Sep Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Artemisia alba
Turra

Main Synonym :
Artemisia viridis Willd. ex DC.
White wormwood,
White mugwort 		Maltese name not known May-Sep Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Artemisia arborescens
L.

Main Synonym :
Absinthium arborescens Moench
Silver Wormwood Artemisja tas-siġra Jun-Sep Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Aster squamatus
(Spreng.) Hieron.

Main Synonym :
Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G.L.Nesom
Narrow-leaved Aster,
Annual Saltmarsh Aster,
Swamp Aster 		Settembrina salvaġġa Sep-Nov Detailed Profile
with
52
images.
Asteriscus aquaticus
(L.) Less.

Main Synonym :
Nauplius aquaticus Cass.
Golden Star,
Seaside Ox-eye Daisy 		Għajn il-baqra tax-xatt Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
12
images.
Atractylis cancellata
L.

Main Synonym :
Carthamus cancellatus Lam.
Cage Thistle Xewk tal-gaġġa Apr-May Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Bellis annua
L.

Main Synonym :
Bellis vandasii Velen.
Annual Daisy Bebuna Nov-Mar Detailed Profile
with
42
images.
Bellis sylvestris
Cirillo

Main Synonym :
Bellis hirta Host
Southern Daisy,
Wood Daisy 		Margerita salvaġġa Nov-Feb Detailed Profile
with
42
images.
Calendula arvensis
L.

Main Synonym :
Calendula sancta L.
Field Marigold Suffejra tar-raba Dec-Apr Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Calendula arvensis var. bicolor
(Raf.) DC.

Main Synonym :
Calendula aegyptiaca Pers. - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Star Marigold Suffejra ta\' giex kuluri Jan-Apr Normal Profile
with
12
images.
Calendula maritima
Guss.

Main Synonym :
Calendula suffruticosa subsp. maritima (Guss.) Meikle
Sea Marigold Suffejra tal-baħar May-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Calendula officinalis
L.

Main Synonym :
Calendula eriocarpa DC.
Pot Marigold,
English Marigold 		Suffejra tal-ġonna Jan-Apr Normal Profile
with
12
images.
Calendula suffruticosa subsp. fulgida
(Raf.) Guadagno

Main Synonym :
Calendula fulgida Raf.
Woody Marigold,
Shrubby Marigold 		Suffejra Jan-Apr Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Carduncellus caeruleus
(L.) Less.

Main Synonym :
Carduncellus caeruleus (L.) C.Presl - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Blue Thistle Xewk ikhal May-Jun Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Carduncellus pinnatus
(Desf.) DC.

Main Synonym :
Carduncellus acaulis C.Presl
Feather-leaved Safflower Maltese name not known Apr-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. marmoratus
(Boiss. & Heldr.) P. H. Davis

Main Synonym :
Carduus australis subsp. marmoratus (Boissier & Heldreich) Kazmi - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Arabian Thistle Ħorfox Mar-Jun Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. pycnocephalus
L.

Main Synonym :
Carduus acanthoides Huds.
Plymouth Thistle,
Italian Thistle,
Slender Thistle 		Xewk tal-fjura żgħira Mar-Jun Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Carduus tenuiflorus
Curtis

Main Synonym :
Carduus pycnocephalus var. tenuiflorus Carduus tenuiflorus
Winged Plumeless Thistle,
Slender-flowered Thistle 		Xewk tal-fjura żgħira Mar-Jun Normal Profile
with
10
images.
Carlina gummifera
(L.) Less.

Main Synonym :
Atractylis gummifera L. - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Stemless Atractylis,
Ground Thistle 		Xewk tal-mixta Sep-Nov Normal Profile
with
16
images.
Carlina involucrata
Poir.

Main Synonym :
Carlina corymbosa subsp. Involucrata (Poir.) Holmboe
African Carline Thistle Sajtun May-Jun Normal Profile
with
15
images.
Carlina lanata
L.

Main Synonym :
Mitina lanata Cass.
Wooly Carline Thistle Sebqet \'l oOmmha May-Jul Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Carlina sicula
Ten.

Main Synonym :
-
Sicilian carline thistle Maltese name not known May-Jul Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Carthamus creticus
L.

Main Synonym :
Carthamus lanatus - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Cretan safflower,
Wild safflower 		Xewk ta\' Kristu,
Xewk il-far 		Apr-May Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Carthamus tinctorius
L.

Main Synonym :
Centaurea carthamus E.H.L.Krause
Safflower,
False Saffron,
Dyers' Saffron 		Għosfor May-Jun Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Catananche lutea
L.

Main Synonym :
Piptocephalum luteum Sch.Bip.
Cladanthus mixtus Katananċe Mar-May Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Centaurea acaulis
L.

Main Synonym :
Serratula acaulis DC.
Stemless Centaury,
Stemless Star-Thistle 		Ċentawrija tan-nuffara Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
12
images.
Centaurea calcitrapa
L.

Main Synonym :
Centaurea calcitrapoides L.
Moroccan chamomile,
Purple Star-Thistle 		Maltese name not known Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Centaurea cyanus
L.

Main Synonym :
Cyanus segetum Hill
Mixed mayweed,
Batchelor's Button 		Maltese name not known Apr-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Centaurea diluta
Aiton

Main Synonym :
Centaurea diluta var. micracantha Maire
North African Star-Thistle,
Lesser Star-Thistle,
Pale-flowered Centaury 		Xewk tal-Afrika ta\' fuq Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Centaurea hyalolepis
Boiss.

Main Synonym :
Centaurea pallescens subsp. hyalolepis (Boiss.) Holmboe
Hypochaeris cretensis Maltese name not known May-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Centaurea jacea
L.

Main Synonym :
Jacea pratensis Lam.
Brown Knapweed,
Brown-rayed Knapweed. 		Maltese name not known Apr-Jul Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Centaurea melitensis
L.

Main Synonym :
Centaurea apula Lam.
Cretan cat’s‑ear Xewk ta\' Malta Apr-May Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Centaurea ragusina
L.

Main Synonym :
Centaurea ragusina subsp. lungensis (Ginzb.) Hayek
Croatian Centaury,
Silver Knapweed 		Maltese name not known Jun-Aug Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Centaurea sicula
L.

Main Synonym :
Centaurea nicaeensis All. - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Hypochaeris radicata,
Southern Star Thistle 		Xewk tal-għotba Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
17
images.
Centaurea solstitialis
L.

Main Synonym :
Calcitrapa solstitialis Lam.
Golden Star Thistle,
Yellow Cockspur 		Xewk isfar ir-rari Jun-Aug Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Chamaemelum fuscatum
(Brot.) Vasc.

Main Synonym :
- -
Hairy cat’s‑ear,
Dusky Dogfennel 		Kamomilla sewda Mar-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Cheirolophus crassifolius
(Bertol.) Susanna

Main Synonym :
Palaeocyanus crassifolius (Bertol.) Dostál
False dandelion,
Malta Knapweed 		Widnet il-baħar May-Jul Normal Profile
with
17
images.
Chiliadenus bocconei
Brullo

Main Synonym :
Jasonia bocconei (Brullo) M.Pardo & R.Morales
Maltese Fleabane,
Pointed-leaved Jasonia 		Tulliera ta\' Malta,
Tulliera Selvaġġa 		Aug-Nov Detailed Profile
with
44
images.
Chondrilla juncea
L.

Main Synonym :
Chondrilla hispida Desf.
Launaea fragilis,
Gum Chicory 		Tfief tar-ramel May-Jun Normal Profile
with
5
images.
Chrysanthemum × morifolium
(Ramat.) Hemsl.

Main Synonym :
Matricaria morifolia Ramat.
Florist's Daisy,
Hardy Garden Mum 		Kriżantemi Mar-May Normal Profile
with
5
images.
Chrysanthemum oreastrum
Hance

Main Synonym :
Chrysanthemum zawadskii subsp. coreanum (Nakai) Y.N.Lee
Alpine Chrysanthemum Kriżantemi ħomor Jan-Apr Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Cichorium endivia
L.

Main Synonym :
Cichorium crispum Mill.
Sometimes called fragile launaea in floristic works Indivja Apr-Jul Normal Profile
with
5
images.
Cichorium intybus
L.

Main Synonym :
Cichorium sylvestre Lam.
Common Chicory,
Blue Sailors chicory 		Ċikwejra Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
16
images.
Cichorium pumilum
Jacquin

Main Synonym :
Cichorium endivia subsp. divaricatum Jacq.
Leucanthemum maximum,
Dwarf Chicory 		Indivja ż-żgħira Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Cichorium spinosum
L.

Main Synonym :
Acanthophyton spinosum Less.
Spiny Chicory,
Spiny Succory 		Qanfuda May-Jul Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Cirsium arvense
(L.) Scopoli

Main Synonym :
Serratula arvensis L.
Max chrysanthemum,
Field Thistle,
Canadian thistle 		Maltese name not known Mar-Jun Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Cladanthus arabicus
(L.) Cassini

Main Synonym :
Anthemis arabica L.
Shasta daisy (note: horticultural usage; includes hybrids),
Arabian cladanthus,
Palm Springs daisy 		Maltese name not known Mar-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Cladanthus mixtus
(L.) Chevall.

Main Synonym :
Anthemis mixta L.
Moroccan chamomile Kamomilla tal‑Marokk Mar-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Cosmos bippinatus
Cav.

Main Synonym :
Bidens formosa (Bonato) Sch.Bip.
Phagnalon saxatile,
Mexican aster 		Kosmos messikan Jul-Sep Normal Profile
with
5
images.
Crepis bursifolia
L.

Main Synonym :
Crepis hirta Pers.
Italian Hawksbeard Maltese name not known May-Aug Normal Profile
with
11
images.
Crepis capillaris
(L.) Wallr.

Main Synonym :
Crepis virens L.
Rock phagnalon Maltese name not known Mat-May Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Crepis neglecta
L.

Main Synonym :
Crepis cernua Ten. ex Spreng.
Rock sea‑lavender (less common, but used descriptively) Maltese name not known May-Jul Normal Profile
with
5
images.
Crepis pusilla
(Sommier) Merxm.

Main Synonym :
Melitella pusilla Sommier
Maltese Dwarf Hawksbeard,
Pygmy Hawksbeard 		Melitella Mar-Apr Normal Profile
with
10
images.
Crepis vesicaria subsp. hyemalis
(Biv.) Babc.

Main Synonym :
Crepis hyemalis Biv.
Pilosella hoppeana Krepis Sqalli May-Oct Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Crupina crupinastrum
(Moris) Vis.

Main Synonym :
Centaurea crupinastrum Moris
False Crupina,
Black-fringed Crupina,
Large-flowered Crupina 		Maltese name not known Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
10
images.
Cynara cardunculus
L.

Main Synonym :
Cynara corsica Viv.
Hoppe’s hawkweed,
Cardoon 		Qaqoċċ tax-xewk,
Qaqoċċ selvaġġ 		Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Cynara cardunculus × scolymus
L.

Main Synonym :
No synonyms for this species
n/a Qaqoċċ bagħal Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Cynara scolymus
L.

Main Synonym :
Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus L.
Globe Artichoke,
Artichoke, French Artichoke 		Qaqoċċ Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
11
images.
Dittrichia graveolens
(L.) Greuter

Main Synonym :
Cupularia graveolens Godr. & Gren.
Lesser Samphire,
Stinking Fleabane,
Stinkwort 		Żagħżigħa safra Sep-Oct Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Dittrichia viscosa
(L.) Greuter

Main Synonym :
Dittrichia viscosa subsp. maritima (Brullo & De Marco) Greuter
False Yellowhead,
Sticky Fleabane,
Aromatic Inula 		Tulliera komuni Sep-Nov Detailed Profile
with
42
images.
Echinops siculus
Strobl

Main Synonym :
Echinops ritros subsp. sicula (Strobl) Greuter
Sicilian Globe Thistle Maltese name not known May-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Eclipta prostrata
(L.) L.

Main Synonym :
Verbesina prostrata L.
False Daisy Eklipta,
Margerita rqiqa 		Jun-Sep Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Erigeron bonariensis
L.

Main Synonym :
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Flax-Leaved Fleabane,
Hairy Fleabane,
Asthmaweed 		Żagħżigħa selvaġġa,
Żagħżigħa tal-Arġentina 		Apr-Nov Detailed Profile
with
41
images.
Erigeron canadensis
L.

Main Synonym :
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist
Canadian Horseweed,
Canadian Fleabane 		Żagħżigħa tal-Kanada Sep-Dec Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Erigeron floribundus
(Kunth) Sch.Bip.

Main Synonym :
Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng.
Tall fleabane,
Bilbao's fleabane 		Żagħżigħa il-kbira Sep-Dec Normal Profile
with
3
images.
Erigeron sumatrensis
Retz.

Main Synonym :
Conyza altissima Naudin ex Debeaux
Guernsey fleabane,
Broad-leaved fleabane,
White horseweed 		Żagħżigħa ċara Sep-Dec Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Eupatorium cannabinum
L.

Main Synonym :
Eupatorium soleirolii Loisel.
Hemp-Agrimony Maltese name not known Apr-Oct Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Filago lojaconoi
(Brullo) Greuter

Main Synonym :
Filago cossyrensis Ten. ex Lojac. - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Maltese Cudweed Kabuccinella ta\' Malta Apr-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Filago pygmaea
L.

Main Synonym :
Evax pygmaea Brot. - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Pygmy Cudweed,
Evax 		Evaks Apr-May Normal Profile
with
13
images.
Filago pyramidata
L.

Main Synonym :
Filago gussonei Lojac.
Broad-leaved Cudweed Maltese name not known Apr-May Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Galactites tomentosa
Moench

Main Synonym :
Lupsia galactites Kuntze
Mediterranean Thistle,
Boar Thistle 		Xewk abjad Mar-Jun Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Galinsoga parviflora
Cav.

Main Synonym :
Sabazia microglossa DC.
Gallant soldier,
Potato weed,
Dumb Nettle 		Galinsoga Apr-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Geropogon hybridus
Sch.Bip.

Main Synonym :
Tragopogon hybridus R.Lesson
Hairless Goatsbeard,
Smooth Goatsbeard,
Slender Salsify 		Leħjet il-bodbod Apr-May Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Glebionis coronaria
(L.) Cass. Ex Spach.

Main Synonym :
Chrysanthemum coronarium L.
Crown Daisy,
Garland,
Chop Suey Greens 		Lellux Jan-May Detailed Profile
with
34
images.
Glebionis segetum
Fourr.

Main Synonym :
Chrysanthemum segetum L.
Corn Daisy,
Corn Marigold 		Lellux tar-raba,
Żigland 		Feb-May Normal Profile
with
18
images.
Hedypnois cretica
(L.) Dum.Cours.

Main Synonym :
Hedypnois rhagadioloides subsp. cretica (L.) Hayek
Variable Hyoseris Maltese name not known Mar-May Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Hedypnois rhagadioloides
(L.) F.W. Schmidt

Main Synonym :
Hedypnois mauritanica Willd.
Variable Hyoseris Maltese name not known Mar-May Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Helianthus annuus
L.

Main Synonym :
Helianthus lenticularis Douglas ex Lindl.
Sunflower,
Common Sunflower 		Warda tax-xemx Jul-Oct Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Helianthus tuberosus
L.

Main Synonym :
Helianthus serotinus Tausch
Jerusalem Artichoke Artiċokk Jul-Oct Normal Profile
with
10
images.
Helichrysum italicum
(Roth) G.Don

Main Synonym :
Gnaphalium italicum Roth.
Italian curry plant,
Italian Everlasting,
Italian Starflower 		Sempreviva tal-Italja,
Pjanta tal-Kari 		Apr-Jul Normal Profile
with
5
images.
Helichrysum melitense
(Pignatti) Brullo, Lanfr., Pavone & Ronsisv.

Main Synonym :
Helichrysum rupestre var. melitense Pignatti
Maltese Helichrysium,
Maltese Everlasting 		Sempreviva ta\' Għawdex Apr-Jul Normal Profile
with
27
images.
Helminthotheca echioides
(L.) Holub

Main Synonym :
Picris echiodes L. - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Bristly Oxtongue Ilsien il-baqra xewwikija Mar-Aug Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Hyoseris frutescens
Brullo & Pavone

Main Synonym :
Hyoseris lucida subsp. frutescens (Brullo & Pavone) Peruzzi & Vangelisti
Maltese Hyoseris,
Gozo Hyoseris 		Żigland ta\' Għawdex Feb-Jul Normal Profile
with
19
images.
Hyoseris radiata
L.

Main Synonym :
Rhagadiolus stellatus DC.
Perennial Hyoseris Żigland tal-pizzi Mar-May Normal Profile
with
4
images.
Hyoseris scabra
L.

Main Synonym :
Hyoseris aspera Desf.
Annual Hyoseris Żigland Mar-May Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Hypochaeris achyrophorus
L.

Main Synonym :
Seriola aethnensis L.
Mediterranean Catsear Żigland żgħir Apr-May Normal Profile
with
21
images.
Hypochaeris cretensis
(L.) Chaubard & Bory

Main Synonym :
Seriola cretensis L.
Cretan cat’s‑ear Maltese name not known Mar-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Hypochaeris radicata
L.

Main Synonym :
Leontodon pavonii Boiss.
Hairy cat’s‑ear Maltese name not known Mar-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Jacobaea maritima subsp. sicula
N.G.Passal., Peruzzi & Pellegrino

Main Synonym :
Senecio bicolor subsp. cineraria (DC.) Chate
Sicilian Silver Ragwort Kromb il-baħar isfar May-Jul Normal Profile
with
12
images.
Lactuca saligna
L.

Main Synonym :
Lactuca virgata Tausch
Least Lettuce,
Willow Lettuce,
Willowleaf Lettuce 		Ħass salvaġġ tal-werqa dejqa Jun-Oct Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Lactuca serriola
L.

Main Synonym :
Lactuca scariola L.
Prickly Lettuce,
China Lettuce,
Compass Plant 		Ħass salvaġġ tal-pizzi May-Aug Detailed Profile
with
37
images.
Launaea fragilis
(Asso) Pau

Main Synonym :
Lactuca fragilis Asso
Fragile Launaea Maltese name not known Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Leontodon tuberosus
L.

Main Synonym :
Thrincia tuberosa DC.
Tuberous Hawkbit Żigland tal-għerq Sep-Mar Normal Profile
with
12
images.
Leucanthemum maximum
(Ramond) DC.

Main Synonym :
Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond
Daisy-chrysanthemum,
Max chrysanthemum 		Maltese name not known Mar-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Leucanthemum vulgare
Lam.

Main Synonym :
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Pers.
Oxe-eye Daisy Maltese name not known Jun-Aug Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Limbarda crithmoides
(L.) Dumort.

Main Synonym :
Inula crithmoides L.
Golden Samphire Xorbett,
Xorbebb 		Jul-Oct Detailed Profile
with
51
images.
Matricaria aurea
(Loefl.) Sch.Bip.

Main Synonym :
Chamomilla aurea (L.) Sch.Bip.
Golden Mayweed,
Golden Chamomille 		Kamumilla nana Mar-May Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Matricaria chamomilla
L.

Main Synonym :
Matricaria recutita L.
Scented Mayweed,
Chamomille 		Kamumilla Mar-May Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Notobasis syriaca
(L.) Cass.

Main Synonym :
Cirsium syriacum Gaertn.
Horse Thistle,
Syrian Thistle 		Xewk tax-xitan Mar-May Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Onopordum tauricum
Willd.

Main Synonym :
Onopordum argolicum Boiss.
Argolian Cotton Thistle Xewk ta\' Għawdex May-Jun Normal Profile
with
7
images.
Pallenis spinosa
(L.) Cass.

Main Synonym :
Asteriscus spinosus (L.) Schultz-Bip.
Spiny Golden Star,
Spiny Starwort 		Għajn il-baqra xewwikija Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Phagnalon rupestre subsp. graecum
Batt.

Main Synonym :
Phagnalon graecum subsp. ginzbergeri Pignatti - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Eastern Phagnalon Lixka komuni Mar-May Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Phagnalon rupestre subsp. rupestre
(L.) DC.

Main Synonym :
Phagnalon spathulatum H.Lindb.
Rock Phagnalon Lixka tal-blat Mar-May Normal Profile
with
12
images.
Phagnalon saxatile
(L.) Cass.

Main Synonym :
Phagnalon bennettii Lowe ex DC.
Rock phagnalon Maltese name not known Feb-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Picris hieracioides subsp. spinulosa
(Bertol. ex Guss.) Arcang.

Main Synonym :
Picris kelleriana Arv.-Touv.
Hawkweed Oxtongue Maltese name not known May-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Pilosella hoppeana
(Schult.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip.

Main Synonym :
Hieracium hoppeanum Schultes
Hoppe’s hawkweed Maltese name not known Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Pulicaria dysenterica
(L.) Bernh.

Main Synonym :
Inula dysenterica Georgi
Common Fleabane Maltese name not known Jun-Jul Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Pulicaria odora
(L.) Rchb.

Main Synonym :
Inula odora Forssk.
Mediterranean Fleabane Maltese name not known Jun-Jul Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Reichardia intermedia
(Sch.Bip.) Samp.

Main Synonym :
Picridium intermedium Sch.Bip.
Mediterranean Reichardia Maltese name not known Nov-Jul Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Reichardia picroides
(L.) Roth

Main Synonym :
Picridium vulgare Desf.
Common Reichardia,
Common Brighteyes,
Common Picridium 		Kanċlita,
Qanċlita 		Nov-Jul Normal Profile
with
17
images.
Rhagadiolus stellatus
(L.) Gaertn.

Main Synonym :
Rhagadiolus edulis Rhagadiolus edulis
Star Hyoseris,
Star Hawkbit,
Stellate Hawkbit 		Tfief tal-istilla,
Żigland tal-istilla 		Mar-May Normal Profile
with
2
images.
Santolina chamaecyparissus
L.

Main Synonym :
Santonlina incana Lam.
Lavender Cotton,
Holy Herb,
Ground Cypress 		Maltese name not known May-Sep Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Scolymus grandiflorus
Desf.

Main Synonym :
Scolymus hispanicus subsp. grandiflorus (Desf.) P.Fourn.
Large-flowered Golden Thistle Xewk isfar kbir May-Jul Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Scolymus hispanicus
L.

Main Synonym :
Scolymus aggregatus Ruch.
Common Golden Thistle,
Spanish Golden Thistle,
Spanish Oyster Plant 		Xewk isfar Apr-Aug Normal Profile
with
8
images.
Scolymus maculatus
L.

Main Synonym :
Scolymus paniculatus Ucria
Spotted Golden Thistle,
Spotted Golden Thistle,
Spotted Oyster Plant 		Xewk isfar tar-riga bajda Apr-Jul Normal Profile
with
13
images.
Scorzonera laciniata
L.

Main Synonym :
Scorzonera laciniata L. - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Divided-leaved Sow Thistle,
Divided-leaved Viper's Grass 		Maltese name not known Apr-May Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Senecio angulatus
L.f.

Main Synonym :
Senecio macropodus DC.
Creeping Groundsel,
Climbing Groundsel,
Cape Ivy 		Liedna s-safra,
Kubrita xeblieka 		May-Aug Normal Profile
with
15
images.
Senecio gallicus
Vill.

Main Synonym :
Senecio alboranicus Maire
French ragwort Maltese name not known Feb-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Senecio leucanthemifolius
Poir.

Main Synonym :
Senecio incrassatus Guss.
Coastal Ragwort Kromb Tax-Xatt Dec-Apr Detailed Profile
with
34
images.
Senecio pygmaeus
DC.

Main Synonym :
Senecio pusillus Guss. ex DC
Pygmy Ragwort,
Pygmy Groundsel 		Kubrita nana Feb-May Normal Profile
with
15
images.
Senecio vulgaris
L.

Main Synonym :
Erigeron senecio Sch.Bip. ex Webb & Berthel.
Common Groundsel,
Old-man-in-the-Spring 		Kubrita,
Ħaxixa tal-kanali 		Nov-May Detailed Profile
with
30
images.
Silybum marianum
(L.) Gaertn.

Main Synonym :
Silybum eburneum Coss. & Durieu
Milk Thistle,
Blessed Milk Thistle 		Xewk tal-Madonna,
Xewk bagħli 		Apr-Jul Normal Profile
with
14
images.
Sonchus arvensis
L.

Main Synonym :
Sonchus vulgaris Rouy
Field milk thistle,
Field sow thistle,
Corn sow thistle 		Tfiefa tal-egħlieqi Feb-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Sonchus asper
(L.) Hill

Main Synonym :
Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L.
Prickly sow thistle,
Spiny sow thistle,
Spiny-leaved sow thistle 		Tfiefa ċara,
Tfiefa mxewka 		Mar-Jul Normal Profile
with
18
images.
Sonchus bulbosus
(L.) N.Kilian & Greuter

Main Synonym :
Aetheorhiza bulbosa (L.) Cass. - Historically established synonym widely adopted in Maltese flora
Bulbous Hawksbeard Qanċlita perenni Feb-Apr Normal Profile
with
13
images.
Sonchus oleraceus
L.

Main Synonym :
Sonchus angustissimus Hook.f.
Smooth sow thistle,
Annual sow thistle,
Common sow thistle 		Tfiefa komuni Oct-Jul Detailed Profile
with
47
images.
Sonchus tenerrimus
L.

Main Synonym :
Sonchus tenerrimus var. perennis DC.
Mediterranean Sow Thistle,
Slender Sow Thistle 		Tfiefa fina,
Tfiefa ta\' Tenerif 		Oct-Jul Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Tanacetum parthenium
(L.) Schultz Bip.

Main Synonym :
Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh.
Featherfew,
Bachelor's buttons,
Feverfew 		Tanaċetum Apr-May Detailed Profile
with
0
images.
Taraxacum minimum
(V.Brig. ex Guss.) N.Terracc.

Main Synonym :
Leontodon minimus V.Brig. ex Guss.
Early Dandelion,
Southern Dandelion 		Ċikwejra selvaġġa Oct-Apr Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Tragopogon porrifolius
L+B+E363

Main Synonym :
Tragopogon sativus Gaterau
Oyster plant,
Purple salsify 		Maltese name not known Apr-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Urospermum picroides
(L.) Scop. ex F.W.Schmidt

Main Synonym :
Tragopogon picroides L.
Prickly Golden Fleece,
Sheep's Beard,
Prickly Urospermum 		Tfief xewwieki Jan-Jun Normal Profile
with
17
images.
Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum
(Moretti) Greuter

Main Synonym :
Xanthium italicum Moretti
Italian cocklebur,
Italian spiny cocklebur 		Maltese name not known Jun-Aug Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Xanthium spinosum
L.

Main Synonym :
Acanthoxanthium spinosum Fourr.
Spiny Cocklebur Maltese name not known Jun-Aug Normal Profile
with
6
images.
Xanthium strumarium
L.

Main Synonym :
Xanthium chinense Mill.
Rough Cocklebur,
Common Cocklebur,
Burweed 		Maltese name not known Jul-Oct Detailed Profile
with
42
images.


CAMPANULACEAE
Juss.

( Bellflower Family )

Subfamalies: Campanuloideae, Cyphioideae, Cyphocarpoideae, Lobelioideae, Nemacladoideae
Family Description: Campanulaceae, commonly known as the bellflower family, is a diverse group of flowering plants within the order Asterales. It includes about 84 genera and nearly 2,400 species, ranging from delicate annual herbs to woody shrubs and even small trees. Most members are herbaceous perennials, often with milky latex and alternate, simple leaves that may be toothed or lobed. Stipules are absent. The stems can be erect or sprawling, and some species are climbers or rosette-forming. The hallmark of the family is its showy, actinomorphic or zygomorphic flowers, typically five-lobed and gamopetalous, forming bell-, funnel-, or star-shaped corollas. The calyx is synsepalous, and the corolla is sympetalous, often blue, violet, or white. Stamens are five, usually epipetalous, and the ovary is inferior, typically 2- to 5-locular with axile placentation. A nectariferous disc is often present at the ovary apex. Fruits are usually capsules or berries, with numerous small seeds that are often wind-dispersed. The family includes ornamental favorites like Campanula, Lobelia, and Platycodon, as well as medicinal and edible species.
Botanical Name Common Name Maltese Name Flowering Period Thumbnail Picture Profile Type
Campanula erinus
L.

Main Synonym :
Erinus campanulata Nyman
Small Bellflower Kampanula Mar-May Normal Profile
with
9
images.
Legousia hybrida var. foliosa
Sommier & Caruana Gatto

Main Synonym :
Specularia hybrida A.DC.
Venus looking Glass Maltese name not known Mar-May Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Lobelia erinus
L.

Main Synonym :
Lobelia senegalensis A.DC.
Edging lobelia,
Trailing lobelia,
Garden lobelia 		Lobelja May-Aug Normal Profile
with
0
images.
Trachelium caeruleum
L.

Main Synonym :
Trachelium azureum Gouan
Trachelium Maltese name not known May-Jun Normal Profile
with
0
images.

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