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   19 Mar 2024      ()
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Gladiolus italicus   (Field Gladiolus)


Gladiolus italicus  (IRIDACEAE.) 
Images for this profile are taken from the Maltese Islands after year 2000.

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General Information Species Images
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Profile Date Mar-2004 (taxon update: Mar-2004)
Citation for this page Mifsud, S. (2022). Gladiolus italicus - datasheet created on Mar-2004. Retrieved from MaltaWildPlants.com on 19-Mar-2024

Nomenclature and Basic Information

Species name :

Gladiolus italicusMill.
Published in Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 2 (1768)

Synonyms :
(basionym or principal syn.)

Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawler
Full list of synonyms : [Euro+Med] [PlantList] [IPNI] [POWO] [Catalogue of Life] [Worldplants.de]

Plant Family :

Iridaceae Juss. (The Iris Family)
23 species from the Iridaceae family are recorded from the Maltese Islands.

English name(s) :

Field Gladiolus, Italian Gladiolus, Cornfield Gladiolus

Maltese name(s) :

Ħabb il-qamħ tar-raba

Status for Malta :

Archeophyte. Non-native species, but introduced in Malta before 1492 (Columbus' discovery of the New World) but usually been on the Islands more than 1000 years.

Frequency :

Very Common     Common    Frequent     Scarce     Rare    Very rare    Extinct

Growth form :

Raunkiaer lifeform [info]: GEOPHYTE ( bearing underground bulbs, rhizomes, stolons, etc. )
Germination [info]: Monocotyledon

Legal Protection :

Not legally protected till the last update of this website (2/Mar/2022)

Red List (1989) :

Not listed in the Red Data Book of the Maltese Islands

Flowering Time :

March – April

Colour of Flowers:

Violet

Toxicity:

Mildy toxic, can cause adverse conditions if consumed in large quantities

Name Derivation :

Gladiolus: a little sword, referring to the sword-shaped leaves of plants in this genus. (Latin origin )
italicus: originating from or related to Italy, for example described first from Italy. (Latin origin )

Planting in rural areas :

Can be planted in rural areas according to ERA Guidelines

Remarks :

In several floristic work, this species was neglected and only Gladiolus italicus has been reported. A study on the Gladiolus species occurring in the Maltese Islands by Hamilton and Mifsud revealed that most of the populations of Gladiolus in Malta were instead G. communis s.l. (including Gladiolus dubius Parl. and possibly G. byzantinus Miller).


Description, Habitat and Distribution
Habitat in Europe: Cultivated land.
Preferred habitat in Malta: Cultivated fields (esp. wheat, corn etc.), fallow fields
Botanical Description: Plant 50-100 cm. Basal sheaths usually pale to dark red, often spotted white or pale green. Leaves 3-5, the lowest 18-40 cm x 16 mm, the other basal leaves 35-65 cm, the cauline 5-10 mm wide, irregularly veined. Inflorescence 6- to 16-flowered, lax, usually weakly distichous. Bract always exceeding bracteole; lower bracts frequently resembling and grading into cauline leaves. Perianth bright purplish-red to light pink. Lateral perianth-segments oblong. Anthers longer than filaments, or aborted. Capsule torulose when mature. Seeds globose-pyriform, not winged.
Chromosome number: 2n=120, 171+2
Distributional range: S. Europe, extending northwards to W.C. France.

Distributional map in Europe
and the Mediterranean region (2018):
Occurrences in Europe.
(from Flora Europaea pre year 1993):
Albania, the Balaeric Islands, Bulgaria, Corse, Crete, France (incl. Monaco and Channel Islands but excluding Corse), Greece, †He Spain (incl. Andorra but excl. the Balaerics), Italy (excl. Sicily and Sardignia), ex-Jugoslavia, Portugal, Romania, Russia and former USSR, Sardinia, Sicily and/or Malta, Turkey (European part)
Occurrences in Europe and the Mediterranean region.
(from Euro+Med Checklist, 2019)
  Country codes  
AE(G) Ag Al Az Bl Bu Ca Co Cr Cy Eg Ga Gr †He Hs IJ It Ju Li LS Lu Ma Rf(CS) Rm Sa Si Sn Tcs Tn Tu(A) Uk(K) [Md]

Links & Further literature (1 papers)

Google Web

Google Images

Google Scholar

Research Gate

Wikipedia

JSTOR

GBIF

Med Checklist

Cat. of Life

EoL

IPNI

World Flora Online

Plants of the World Online

Vienna Virt. Herb.

RBGE Herbarium

KEW Herbarium

MNHN

Arkive

IUCN

CABI
Preliminary observations from long-term studies of Gladiolus L. (Iridaceae) for the Maltese Islands Stephen Mifsud & Anthony Hamilton  (2013)
Kindly Email if there are papers and publications about local studies or information about this species to be included in the list above.

Species Images (38 images)
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-0.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-1.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-2.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-3.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-4.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-5.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-6.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-7.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-8.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-9.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-10.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-11.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-12.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-13.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-14.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-15.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-16.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-17.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-18.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-19.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-20.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-21.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-22.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-23.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-24.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-25.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-26.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-27.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-28.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-29.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-30.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-31.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-32.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-33.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-34.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-35.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-36.
   Gladiolus italicus   -   Image Code: GLDIT-37.

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