MaltaWildPlants.com by Stephen Mifsud
 
     
   19 Mar 2024      ()
External Links:
 


Quercus ilex   (Evergreen Oak)


Quercus ilex  (FAGACEAE.) 
Images for this profile are taken from the Maltese Islands after year 2000.

Page Contents + Links

 
General Information Species Images
External Links Support and sales
Submit information Facebook community
Sponsors & Adverts Copyright notes
Fagaceae Index Plant Family Index
 
This profile is brought to you by one of the website's sponsors.
[read more...]
Profile Date Oct-2007 (taxon update: none)
Citation for this page Mifsud, S. (2022). Quercus ilex - datasheet created on Oct-2007. Retrieved from MaltaWildPlants.com on 19-Mar-2024

Nomenclature and Basic Information

Species name :

Quercus ilexL.
Published in Sp. Pl. : 995 (1753)

Synonyms :
(basionym or principal syn.)

Quercus calicina
Full list of synonyms : [Euro+Med] [PlantList] [IPNI] [POWO] [Catalogue of Life] [Worldplants.de]

Plant Family :

Fagaceae Dumortier (The Oak Family)
3 species from the Fagaceae family are recorded from the Maltese Islands.

English name(s) :

Evergreen Oak, Holm Oak, Holly Oak

Maltese name(s) :

Balluta, Siġra tal-Ġandar

Status for Malta :

Indigenous. Present on the Maltese islands before man

Frequency :

Very Common     Common    Frequent     Scarce     Rare    Very rare    Extinct

Growth form :

Raunkiaer lifeform [info]: Macro-Phanerophyte ( high trees usually over 10 m high )
Germination [info]: Dicotyledon

Legal Protection :

Protected by law: Schedule II of [S.L. 549.123] (Trees protected in selected areas)

Red List (1989) :

Threatened status for the Maltese Islands and has been listed in the Red Data Book (1st ed.)

Flowering Time :

April – May

Colour of Flowers:

Inconspicuous or Yellow

Toxicity:

Mildy toxic, can cause adverse conditions if consumed in large quantities

Name Derivation :

Quercus:
ilex: Latin name for the Holly plant, with refere to the shape of the leaves with small bristle-tipped corners on the margin. (Latin origin )

Planting in rural areas :

Encouraged to be planted in the wild that is in rural areas including ODZ.


Description, Habitat and Distribution
Habitat in Europe: Maquis and forest margins, especially near the coast
Preferred habitat in Malta: Data will be available in the next update of this website.
Botanical Description: Evergreen tree up to 25 m, or shrub; twigs and buds grey-tomentose. Leaves 3-7 cm, thick but not rigid, with cuneate or rounded base, entire, mucronate-dentate or spinose-serrate, glabrescent and smooth above, grey-tomentose and with prominent veins beneath; midrib straight; petiole 6-15 mm; oblong-ovate to lanceolate, dark green above, with 7-11 pairs of lateral veins. Stipules subulate, thick, densely hairy. Perianth-lobes lanceolate, subacute; anthers mucronate. Fruit ripening in the first year; involucral scales appressed, flat. Fruit bitter.
Distributional range: Mediterranean region, extending to N. Spain and W. France but not reaching western parts of Spain and Portugal. Planted elsewhere in W. & S. Europe, and sometimes naturalized.

Distributional map in Europe
and the Mediterranean region (2018):
Occurrences in Europe.
(from Flora Europaea pre year 1993):
Albania, the Balaeric Islands, Corse, Crete, France (incl. Monaco and Channel Islands but excluding Corse), Greece, Italy (excl. Sicily and Sardignia), ex-Jugoslavia, Sardinia, Sicily and/or Malta, Introduced in  Britain (excl. Northern Ireland and Channel islands), Switzerland, Russia and former USSR
Occurrences in Europe and the Mediterranean region.
(from Euro+Med Checklist, 2019)
  Country codes  
Ag Al Bl Co Cr Cz Ga Gr He Hs IJ It Ju Li LS Lu Ma Sa Si Tn Tu(A) [Ca Cy]

Links & Further literature (0 papers)

Google Web

Google Images

Google Scholar

Research Gate

Wikipedia

JSTOR

GBIF

Med Checklist

Cat. of Life

EoL

IPNI

World Flora Online

Plants of the World Online

Vienna Virt. Herb.

RBGE Herbarium

KEW Herbarium

MNHN

Arkive

IUCN

CABI
Kindly Email if there are papers and publications about local studies or information about this species to be included in the list above.

Species Images (22 images)
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-0.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-1.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-2.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-3.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-4.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-5.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-6.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-7.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-8.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-9.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-10.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-11.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-12.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-13.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-14.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-15.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-16.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-17.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-18.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-19.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-20.
   Quercus ilex   -   Image Code: QRCIL-21.

Buy Seeds and Docs
Sales of seeds of wild plants for academic studies, research or personal use. Note that not all species seeds can be exported - depending on Maltese regulations and CITES, and availability depends on season. You are hence kindly requested to first fill and submit a quotation form by which you will get confirmation of the purchase, availability and charges. Currently local orders are not taken.   Online Quotation (Seeds)

Buy images found in this large online collection of Maltese flora photographed by the author (Stephen Mifsud). Prices reasonable and rated differently according size and resolution. Buying images for your projects will support this website. When placing an order please take note of the image code specific for every image in the corresponding species webpage (found beneath each individual photo) since this is required when filling the online ordering form. Images are normally sold as a license with the copyright reserved to the author, but sales of copyright of exceptional images can be considered.   Online Purchase (Images)
Kindly consider to support this website by giving a small donation. This will help to cover some expenses needed to maintain the website and its further development without any adverts. Please login into your PayPal account and use the email: info@maltawildplants.com as email address to send your donation   Online Donation


$int_menu2[8]
Use this form to submit more information on this species or report mistakes in this webpage. If information supplied is taken from a book, journal or website, please provide the corresponding reference or website address. Your email address is only for internal communication. Please report only Maltese locations for plants that indicated as rare or very rare (refer to the nomenclature section above). Please do report mistakes, broken links, technical errors, typing / grammar errors, misidentifications or taxonomical updates; this will help to improve the website's accuracy. Thanks you! Fill any of the three sections (A/B/C) below and kindly submit the form.     * = required fields.
Plant Species:  *
Your name:   * Your Email:   *
 
Section A:  Additional Information about this plant species
Own observations: Info from published material (books, journals, website):
Reference of published material:
 
Section B:   Where have you seen this plant on the Maltese Islands?
Locations in Malta or Gozo where you have seen this plant. Only applies for rare plants.

1:       2:       3:   
4:       5:       6:   
Try to be as concise as possible. Examples: Dingli Cliffs (near chapel), Wied Incita (Zebbug side), Triq il-Kbira (Qormi), Barriera ta' Ghajn Abdul (Xlendi), Fields East of Salib tal-gholja (Siggiewi). GPS co-ordinates are also welcomed!
Section C:  Corrections for mistakes and errors in this plant profile
Section of this page where you found an error (select one)
What is the error/mistake and suggest a correction
AntiSpam Verification: Please answer these simple questions:   40 + 9 =     This website is about
          




MaltaWildPlants.com is supported by:
[ EcoGozo, Ministry for Gozo ] [ Projects in Motion ] [ Sunrise Pet & Garden Centre] [ MycoMalta ]
Webpage is copyright of Stephen Mifsud / www.MaltaWildPlants.com - (2002-2022)