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| MaltaWildPlants.com by Stephen Mifsud |
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Conium maculatum (Hemlock) |
Conium maculatum (APIACEAE.)
Images for this profile are taken from the Maltese Islands after year 2000. |
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| Nomenclature and Basic Information |
Species name : |
Conium maculatumL.
Published in Sp. Pl. 243 (1753). |
Synonyms :
(basionym or principal syn.) |
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Plant Family : |
Apiaceae
Lindl. (=Umbelliferea) (The Carrot Family)
34 species from the Apiaceae family are recorded from the Maltese Islands. | English name(s) : | Hemlock, Poison Hemlock, Devil's bread |
Maltese name(s) : |
Ċikuta |
Status for Malta : |
Naturalised Alien. Species that was introduced in Malta after year 1492 (Columbus' discovery of the New World)
and spreads and integrates to form established, non-invasive populations.
Species may become become invasive if it widespreads rapidly. |
Frequency : |
Very Common Common Frequent Scarce Rare Very rare Extinct |
Growth form : |
Raunkiaer lifeform [info]: HEMICRYPTOPHYTE ( prostate plants with flowers close to the ground )
Germination [info]: Dicotyledon |
Legal Protection : |
Not legally protected till the last update of this website (25/Sep/2021) |
Red List (1989) : |
Not listed in the Red Data Book of the Maltese Islands |
Flowering Time : |
May – August |
Colour of Flowers: |
White |
Name Derivation : |
Conium:
maculatum: From the Latin word 'macula' meaning stained or spotted. (Latin origin )
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Remarks : |
All parts of plant are highly poisonous especially the seeds. |
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Description, Habitat and Distribution | |
Habitat in Europe: |
Wasteground near arable land | |
Preferred habitat in Malta: |
Last population was seen in disturbed ground close to arable land. | |
Botanical Description: |
Nearly glabrous winter annual or biennial 50-250 cm. Stem pruinose, usually with reddish-brown spots below, hollow. Lower leaves up to 50 x 40 cm, triangular in outline, 2- to 4-pinnate, soft, entirely glabrous; lobes 10-20 mm, oblong-lanceolate to deltate, pinnatifid, coarsely serrate or crenate-serrate. Rays (6-)10-20, often puberulent. Bracts (0-)5-6, narrowly triangular to ovate-lanceolate, deflexed; margin scarious; bracteoles 3-6, on the outside of the partial umbel, widened at base and often connate. Fruit 2.5-3.5 mm | |
Distributional range: |
Almost throughout Europe, except the extreme north | |
Native region outside Europe: |
North Africa |
Distributional map in Europe
and the Mediterranean region (2018): |
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Occurrences in Europe.
(from Flora Europaea pre year 1993): |
All Europe except Faroe Islands, Iceland, Svalbard archipelago |
Occurrences in Europe and the Mediterranean region.
(from Euro+Med Checklist, 2019)
Country codes
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Ab(A N) Ag Al Ar Au(A) †Au(L) Az Be(B L) BH Bl(M N) Br Bu By dCa(C G H P T) Cg Co Cr Cs Cy Da Es Fe Ga(F) Ge Gg Gr Hb(E N) He Ho Hs(A S) Hu Ir It Jo La Le Li Lt Lu Ma Mk Mo Po Rf(C CS E N NW S) Rm Sa Si(M S) Sk Sl Sr Su Sy Tn Tu(A E) Uk(K U) [Az(M S T) Md(M) aNo] |
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Atlas Flora Europaea
GBIF Distribution map
